Diseases 12
infantum The disease is not usually dangerous except when it is contracted by a pregnant woman. In the first three to four months of a pregnancy, rubella can affect the unborn child and cause serious, lifelong problems. Now that the vaccine is available and routinely given to young children, rubella is fairly uncommon. The last major outbreak was in 19641965. Nevertheless, a pregnant woman should take care to avoid exposure to the disease, and a child who contracts rubella should be kept away from anyone who is or might be pregnant. Very rarely, the rubella vaccine causes transient (temporary) arthritis in older children.
SMALLPOX
Vaccination against smallpox, a highly contagious disease that used to occur in epidemics, is no longer practiced in the United States. According to the World Health Organization, smallpox has been eradicated from the entire world.
OTHER VACCINES
A vaccine is now available to protect against Hemophilus influenzae virus infection. It is recommended that all children in day care receive this vaccine when they are 18 months old and that all other children receive it when they are about two years old.
A vaccine against pneumococcal infection is available for use in children in certain highrisk groups. A vaccine against meningococcal infection is still in the experimented stage and is used only in specific cases.
A vaccine to prevent chicken pox has recently been developed but is not available for general use.
Vaccines against typhoid, typhus, yellow fever, and influenza are presently available.
None of these is yet recommended for children unless a child will be at special risk. Consult your doctor if you are in doubt.
RELATED TOPICS: Diphtheria; Influenza; Measles; Meningitis; Mumps; Pneumonia; Polio; Rubella; Tetanus; Whooping cough
The child will also be measured to find out if he or she is growing normally. Measurements include weight, length (or height), and head circumference (the distance around the head). The changes in these measurements as the child grows can then be charted on a graph, and compared with the normal range of child development. If the child is not growing normally over a period of time, the doctor will check to see if the problem is caused by a growth disorder or by some other disease or abnormality. If such problems are found early, they can sometimes be corrected before any lasting damage is done.
THE FIRST VISIT
A baby's first visit to the doctor's office usually takes place two to four weeks after birth. This visit serves several purposes. For one thing, it gives the parent, the doctor, and the child an opportunity to meet and begin a relationship. The parent can get to know the doctor and the customs of the practice, the doctor can get basic information about the family, and the child's general health can be evaluated.
At this first visit, the doctor will take the baby's physical measurements and examine the baby for abnormalities. Some babies are born with physical problems and abnormalities that are obvious right away. pox
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